Database of luminescent minerals 

hackmanite

Chemical formula: See SODALITE

Family: Silicates

Status: NON APPR

Crystal system : Isometric

Display mineral: OUI

Luminescence:

Daylight picture

Longwave (365nm) picture

hackmanite under UVLW,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author

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Phosphorescence (in the common sense of the term) observable with the naked eye:

Tenebrescence: OUI

Thermoluminescence: OUI

Comments:

A sulfide rich sodalite and should not be regarded as a separate species.

Activator(s) and spectrum:

Activator(s): S₂^-,

Peaks in the spectrum (nm):

S₂^-  : (566),(610), 625, 647, 664, (695), (723), (751nm)

Col. G. Barmarin; Spectre: G. Barmarin

Spectrum Galery:

  
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Comments on spectrum and activators:

O. Ivan Lee investigated what he calls the reversible photosensitivity of hackmanite from Bancroft (Ontario) and his response to different UV sources as early as 1936. He presented the phenomenon for the 50th Anniversary Celebration Banquet of the New York Mineralogical Club, in November 18, 1936 at the American Museum of Natural History. It seems that it was the first observation and the first public announcement and publication (American Mineralogist vol 21) about photochromism (tenebrescence) in mineralogy.

Chemical analyses revealed that the mineral contains a certain amount of sulfur as a substitute for chlorine in the crystal structure. The FTIR spectra of hackmanite showed that the samples contain water. The stretching vibration peak of water of crystallization (H₂O) occurs at 3438 cm^-1 and the bending peak is at 1623 cm^-1. Its tenebrescence is caused by hole color centers which are contributed to the presence of sulfur (S₂^-)) and to some negatively charged chlorine atoms being missing in the crystal structure of hackmanite. (source: http://www.geology.com.cn/Geology-Journals/article-35765.html)

Crystals of Hackmanite of Koksha Valley in Afghanistan are usually found in a matrix constituted by non-fluorescing Winchite and/or marble.

Synthetic sodalites containing sulfur and showing considerable photochromic activity have been investigated by ESR. The center responsible for the color has been shown to be an electron trapped at a chlorine vacancy. The origin of the electron which is reversibly transferred during the processes of coloration and bleaching is believed to be the ion S₂^-). (see William G. Hodgson, Jacob S. Brinen, and Emil F. Williams, Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of Photochromic Sodalites, The Journal of Chemical Physics 47, 3719 , 1967)

Best localities for fluorescence (*):

• The Ilímaussaq Complex, Greenland;
• Svintsovyi Ruchei (Lead Creek), Kukisvumchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region, Russia;
• Tawa valley, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region, Russia (type locality);
• Davis Quarry, Dungannon Township, Bancroft District, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada;
• Poudrette quarry (or Demix or Uni-Mix or Desourdy quarry), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada;
• Princess Sodalite quarry and Cancrinite Hill, Bancroft, Canada;
• Ladjuar Medam, Sar e Sang, Koksha Valley, Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan;
• Kiran, Koksha Valley, Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
• Pein-Pyit, Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Division, Burma (fluo+strong tenebrescence);
• Saga I Quarry Morje Porsgrunn, Sagasen Quarry and Ostskogen Quarry in Tvedalen, Langesundfjord, Larvik Plutonic Complex, Norway;
• Cancrinite Hill, Dungannon Township, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada (dark blue sodalite dull red fluorescing with yellow cancrinite);
• Tashmarine (diopside) mine, Tien Shan Mountains, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China;

(*)The data are not exhaustive and are limited to a few remarkable localities for fluorescence

Bibliographic reference for luminescence:

• The Henkel Glossary of Fluorescent Minerals, Dr. Gerhard Henkel, Published by the FMS, 1989 ,
• Fluorescence: Gems and Minerals Under Ultraviolet Light, Manuel Robbins, 1994, Geoscience Press, ISBN 0-945005-13-X ,
• The World of Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7643-2544-2 ,
• Ultraviolet Light and Fluorescent Minerals, Th. Warren, S. Gleason, R. Bostwick, et E. Verbeek, 1995, ISBN 0-9635098-0-2 ,
• Minershop.com ,
• Luminescenza nel regno minerale, Guido Mazzoleni, fotografia Roberto Appiani, Libri Sandit, 2010, ISBN 978-88-95990-63-7 ,
• Handbook of Fluorescent Gems and Minerals, a practical guide for the gem and mineral collector, Jack de Ment, 1949 ,

Reference for luminescence on the Internet:

Mineralogical reference on the Internet:

  http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Hackmanite

  http://webmineral.com/data/Hackmanite.shtml

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